Which two characteristics describe an OSPF link-state update?

A link-state update can indeed be sent directly after an adjacency is formed, which is significant in the OSPF protocol. When OSPF routers establish an adjacency, they exchange information about their link states to synchronize their link-state databases. This process is essential for ensuring that all routers have the same view of the network topology, allowing them to calculate routes accurately.

This immediate exchange of link-state updates right after an adjacency formation helps in maintaining consistency across the OSPF domain. It allows routers to quickly disseminate information about network changes, such as new routers or changes in link states, which is critical for dynamic routing environments.

The other options don't accurately reflect the functionality of OSPF link-state updates. For instance, a link-state update can contain multiple link-state advertisements (LSAs) rather than just a single one, allowing for a comprehensive representation of the network state. It is also important to note that link-state updates are not explicitly sent in response to link-state requests; rather, they are sent proactively to keep the database aligned among neighbors. Lastly, the concept of a router being "in charge" of database exchanges doesn't characterize the operation of link-state updates, as OSPF is designed to treat all routers as equal participants in the