Which two forms of spanning-tree protection are offered by EX Series switches?

The correct response identifies BPDU protection as one of the forms of spanning-tree protection offered by EX Series switches. BPDU protection is crucial in preventing potential loops and ensuring network stability. Specifically, it protects against unwanted or rogue Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDUs) that can disrupt the expected topology of a spanning-tree network. By enabling BPDU protection on specific ports, the switch can effectively shut down any port that receives a BPDU on a designated port that does not participate in the spanning-tree backbone, safeguarding the network's integrity.

Root protection is also a valid form of spanning-tree protection that might be considered in this context, as it prevents unauthorized switches from becoming the root of a spanning tree. This protects the designated root bridge from being altered unintentionally by lower-priority switches, but it seems only BPDU protection was selected in this scenario.